ABSTRACT
actualmente existe una intensa prescripción de opioides para el manejo de todo tipo de dolor a nivel clínico, razón por la cual es importante considerar los posibles daños derivados de esta actividad, tales como tolerancia, adicción, dependencia y sobredosis. La medicación de opiáceos o sus derivados de manera irracional para el manejo del dolor agudo o crónico puede ser la puerta de entrada a las drogodependencias. Muchos adictos a opiáceos informaron haber estado expuestos por primera vez a los opioides a través de una prescripción médica para el tratamiento del dolor. Por ello, es importante evaluar por parte de los profesionales de la salud el uso a largo plazo de estos medicamentos para el manejo del dolor, porque estudios han evidenciado una relación entre el uso clínico y la dependencia de estos, sobre todo en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes sin experiencia en opiáceos que fueron sometidos a procedimientos quirúrgicos y dentales.
Currently, opioids for managing all types of pain are increasingly prescribed at the clinical level, which is why it is important to consider the potential harms derived from this practice, such as tolerance, addiction, dependence, and overdose. Irrational medication of opioids or opioid derivatives for acute or chronic pain management can be the gateway to drug dependence. Many opioid addicts reported first being exposed to opioids after receiving a physician's prescription for pain management. Therefore, health professionals need to evaluate the long-term use of these medications to manage pain because studies have shown a relationship between clinical use and opioid dependence, especially in adolescents and young adults who had never received opioid therapy and who underwent surgical and dental procedures
Atualmente existe uma intensa prescrição de opioides para o manejo de todos os tipos de dor em nível clínico, por isso é importante considerar os possíveis danos decorrentes dessa atividade, como tolerância, adição, dependência e overdose. A medicação de opiáceos ou seus derivados de forma irracional para o manejo da dor aguda ou crônica pode ser a porta de entrada para a adição a drogas. Muitos dependentes de opioides relataram ter sido expostos a opioides pela primeira vez por meio de uma receita médica para o tratamento da dor. Por esse motivo, é importante que os profissionais de saúde avaliem o uso prolongado desses medicamentos para o manejo da dor, pois estudos têm mostrado relação entre o uso clínico e a dependência dos mesmos, principalmente em adolescentes e adultos jovens sem experiência com opioides que foram submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos e odontológicos
Subject(s)
Pain , Substance-Related Disorders , Opiate Alkaloids , Analgesia , MorphineABSTRACT
MicroRNA-132 (miR-132), a small RNA that regulates gene expression, is known to promote neurogenesis in the embryonic nervous system and adult brain. Although exposure to psychoactive substances can increase miR-132 expression in cultured neural stem cells (NSCs) and the adult brain of rodents, little is known about its role in opioid addiction. So, we set out to determine the effect of miR-132 on differentiation of the NSCs and whether this effect is involved in opioid addiction using the rat morphine self-administration (MSA) model. We found that miR-132 overexpression enhanced the differentiation of NSCs in vivo and in vitro. Similarly, specific overexpression of miR-132 in NSCs of the adult hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) during the acquisition stage of MSA potentiated morphine-seeking behavior. These findings indicate that miR-132 is involved in opioid addiction, probably by promoting the differentiation of NSCs in the adult DG.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Cell Differentiation , Cell Line, Tumor , Dentate Gyrus , Metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation , MicroRNAs , Metabolism , Neural Stem Cells , Metabolism , Opioid-Related Disorders , Metabolism , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND@# Rapid and effective pain relief in acute traumatic limb injuries (ATLI) is one of the most important roles of emergency physicians. In these situations, opioid addiction is an important concern because of the dependency on opioids. The study aims to compare the effectiveness of intravenous (IV) fentanyl versus morphine in reducing pain in patients with opioid addiction who suffered from ATLI.@*METHODS@# In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, 307 patients with ATLI, who presented to the emergency department (ED) from February 2016 to April 2016, were randomly divided into two groups. One group (152 patients) received 0.1 mg/kg IV morphine. The other group (155 patients) received 1 mcg/kg IV fentanyl. Patients' demographic data, pain score at specific intervals, vital signs, side effects, satisfaction and the need for rescue analgesia were recorded.@*RESULTS@# Eight patients in the morphine group and five patients in the fentanyl group were excluded. Pain score in the fentanyl group had a significant decrease at 5-minute follow-up (P value=0.00). However, at 10, 30, and 60-minute follow-ups no significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of pain score reduction. The rescue analgesia was required in 12 (7.7%) patients in the fentanyl group and in 48 (31.6%) patients in the morphine group (P value=0.00). No significant difference was observed regarding side effects, vital signs and patients' satisfaction between the two groups.@*CONCLUSION@# Fentanyl might be an effective and safe drug in opioid addicts suffering from ATLI.
ABSTRACT
The opioid epidemic has become a signifificant public health crisis in the United States of America. This crisis has elicited a response at high levels of governmental and health care organizations including the American College of Physicians, the Food and Drug Administration, the Joint Commission, the National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine, the National Association of Attorneys General, and the White House. In various ways, these organizations have recognized that acupuncture can play an important role in dealing with the opioid epidemic. This paper presents and analyzes the scientifific evidence supporting the effificacy of acupuncture in regard to opioid addiction.
Subject(s)
Humans , Acupuncture Therapy , Analgesics, Opioid , Clinical Trials as Topic , Epidemics , Opioid-Related Disorders , Epidemiology , TherapeuticsABSTRACT
Corydalis yanhusuo and its active ingredients dl-THP have clear efficacy of analgesia, as well as the effect on vasodilatation, cardiac muscle protection, antibiosis, and anti-inflammation, thus they are used for the treatment of various disease. In recent years, C. yanhusuo is widely used for the treatment of drug addiction. In this paper, the research progress in the chemical constituents and pharmacologic actions of C. yanhusuo are reviewed, which provide the scientific basis for its modernization research and comprehensive utilization.
ABSTRACT
Objective To stably express rat mu-opioid receptor (rMOR) in PC12 cells with characteristics of neurons. Methods After the lentiviral vector pBPLV-rMOR-eGFP was constructed, the lentivirus was packaged and used to infect the PC12 cells. PC12 cells stably expressing rMOR was screened by the flow cytometry and the limiting dilution assay. The affinity and quantity of rMOR protein expressed in the PC12 were verified by radio-ligand binding assay. The function of rMOR was analyzed by cAMP overshooting. Results The eGFP protein in PC12-rMOR cells infected by the lentivirus could be clearly shown by the fluorescence microscope. Cell lines grew normally after every clone was enlargedly cultured. The affinity (Kd) and quantity (Bmax) values of rMOR were (0.51 ± 0.07) nmol/L and (1.58 ± 0.15)pmol/mg protein respectively in 3H-diprenorphine binding assay. The cAMP content increased (255 ±25.2) % after naloxone precipitated in chronic morphine-treated cells. Exogenous agmatine could dose-dependently inhibit the overshooting of cAMP by naloxone precipitated. Conclusion We have successfully established the PC12 cell model co-expressing stably rMOR and I1 style imidazoline receptor(I1R) without α2 adrenergic receptor, expressing properties of neurons, which is a good cell model in vitro for investigating the neural molecular mechanism of opioid addition and regulating the opioid receptor function by the system of agmatine and I 1 Rin the future.